In BRAINWASHED: SEX-CAMERA-POWER, Nina Menkes examines the pervasiveness of the male gaze in the film canon and its chilling real-world consequences. Originally coined by feminist film theorist Laura Mulvey in 1975, the term "male gaze" articulates the predominant way in which women have been filmed as objects to be looked at on screen by male characters, for an assumed male audience by often-male filmmakers. So pervasive is the male gaze that it is often integrated inherently into film, resulting in a visual language that is born out of gender bias.